?教學背景
經(jīng)典故事是人類智慧的結(jié)晶,是文明傳承的重要手段,其中凝練了人們共同提倡的核心價值觀。因此,牛津教材小學版選擇了一部分英語經(jīng)典故事,《哈姆林的魔笛手》就是其中之一。
這個經(jīng)典故事,傳遞的核心價值觀是誠信,已經(jīng)有許多版本及豐富的表現(xiàn)形式,如話劇、歌曲等。最早版本來源于14世紀,教材對故事進行了改編,將結(jié)局修改為人們悔改并支付了報酬,孩子們也回來的美好結(jié)局。
然而,這一經(jīng)典故事之所以經(jīng)典,正因為悲劇式的結(jié)局帶給人們深刻的反思。為了讓這一經(jīng)典故事發(fā)揮更大價值,讓孩子在學習英語的同時,掌握一定的學習方法,提升思維品質(zhì),并能夠理解相應的文化,我改編了教材,呈現(xiàn)了原版故事,并設計實施了教學。
?課堂實錄
I.Pre-reading
=>Activity 1. Warm up
說唱熱身,鋪墊語言
Teacher(以下簡稱T):Do you like music, Let’s say a rap together.
(師生合作搭配動感音樂節(jié)奏進行說唱)I say he, you say kind. He, kind, he, kind…
【設計意圖】通過說唱讓孩子們快速進入上課狀態(tài),復習形容詞,為閱讀后的人物評價做準備。
=> Activity 2. Get to know the setting of the story
交代故事背景,引發(fā)閱讀興趣
★Step 1呈現(xiàn)故事標題,感知人物與背景
T:We will read a story about music today. It happened in the city of Hamelin, Germany.
(PPT呈現(xiàn)Google地圖上的城市以及實景雕像)
T:In the city of Hamelin, there is a statue. Look, he is playing the pipe,he is a piper.
(出示詞條piper,學生根據(jù)發(fā)音規(guī)則自主拼讀單詞)
展開詞條,呈現(xiàn)完整的故事標題“The piper of Hamelin”,學生朗讀故事標題。
T:Why is it in the city of Hamelin?What happened?Let’s read the story.
(PPT呈現(xiàn)故事所有圖片,學生讀圖,說出其余主要角色)
(PPT呈現(xiàn)故事場景1及文本The city of Hamelin is full of mice)
T:Look, so many mice!!! Listen…(播放老鼠音效)How do people feel?
Student(以下簡稱S):They feel sad/worried/angry/afraid…
★Step 2 激發(fā)求知欲望,增強提問能力
T:What will happen next?Do you have any questions?
(學生兩人討論,提出想了解的后續(xù)情節(jié),并帶著問題去閱讀)
S1:What's the ending?
S2:Do mice leave the city?
S3:Why are there so many mice?
S4:Do people have good ideas?
【設計意圖】從城市真實文化入手,激發(fā)學生的閱讀興趣。隨后呈現(xiàn)故事的主要沖突點之一,即人與老鼠的相處矛盾,針對這一沖突讓學生主動提問來預測故事的發(fā)展,激發(fā)學生閱讀的主動性。
II. While-reading
=>Activity 1. Read and scan
快速閱讀,查找信息
T:Read the story quickly and find out the ending. Do the mice leave the city of Hamelin?
(學生快速默讀,找出故事結(jié)局)
S:Yes, they walk away from the city.
T:Why do mice walk away?
S:A piper comes to help, he plays beautiful music, all the mice walk away.
T:That’s amazing! Let’s watch.
(播放相應場景動畫短片,以生動的畫面加深學生對故事的理解)
=>Activity 2. Read the whole story and understand the main plot
仔細閱讀,深入理解
★Step 1 設疑,激發(fā)學生進一步閱讀的興趣
T:All the mice walk away from the city. Are people happy?Is the piper happy?
(PPT出示魔笛手并不開心的圖片)
T:Why What happened?
★Step 2 仔細閱讀,借助故事山厘清文脈
(學生再次仔細閱讀,提煉關(guān)鍵線索,將故事發(fā)展的重要情節(jié)分別貼入相應的方框完成故事山)
★Step 3 呈現(xiàn)故事山,互動體驗,內(nèi)化故事
(學生兩人討論校對,合作匯報故事山)
S:The city of Hamelin is full of mice. A piper comes to help. He wants a bag of gold. The piper plays beautiful music. All the mice walk behind him. They walk away from the city, but people of Hamelin do not want to give the piper his gold. He plays beautiful music again. All the children walk behind him. They never come back.
(全班師生互動提煉故事關(guān)鍵脈絡,完成板書上的故事山)
【設計意圖】教師摒棄了控制性較強的問題式閱讀,給學生充分的時間,借助故事山這一可視化思維工具讓學生自主閱讀,厘清故事文脈。故事山以簡單的山形弧線形象地呈現(xiàn)了故事的發(fā)展過程,聚焦了故事的關(guān)鍵要素,有助于學生分析故事。
★Step 4 體驗人物心理,表演關(guān)鍵片段
T:The people of Hamelin don't want to give the piper his gold. How does he feel?
S:He is very angry.
(PPT呈現(xiàn)魔笛手憤怒的表情以及音頻材料——What You said sure before, but now you say no. You don't keep your words, you are not honest!)
(學生理解honest和 keep your words的含義,并模仿朗讀,體會魔笛手憤怒的心情)
T:What does the piper do?Does he fight with the people of Hamelin?
S:No. He plays beautiful music again. And all the children walk behind him.
T:That's terrible. There are no children in the city. People can never see their lovely children. How do parents feel?What will they say?
S1:They are very sad.
S2:Maybe they say “We’re sorry”.
S3:We should keep our words.
T:What a sad story! Now let’s read and imitate the story and then act it out.
模仿音頻朗讀后,個別學生表演魔笛手、城市居民以及孩子,其余學生擔任旁白,集體合作表演這一片段。
【設計意圖】魔笛手的憤怒和居民的傷心是故事發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵之處,但由于教材篇幅所限,無法充分展開。因此教師通過音頻和視頻補充此處留白,并讓學生通過表演體驗。
III. Post-reading
=>Activity Make comments, make a new story
評價人物,創(chuàng)編故事
★Step 1 通過動畫整體回顧,多元視角評價人物
T:Do you like the piper?Do you like the people of Hamelin?Why/ Why not?
(學生4人小組討論,并匯報個人觀點。傾聽過程中,教師引導生生互動,激發(fā)學生對同一個人物多元視角的評價)
S1:I don’t like the people of Hamelin. They are not honest.
S2:I like the piper. He’s very clever.
(教師詢問其他學生是否也喜歡魔笛手,學生發(fā)表不同觀點)
S3:I don’t like the piper. He is not kind to the children. I don’t like his idea.
★Step 2 創(chuàng)意改編,講述故事
T:Do you have any good ideas?Please adapt your story mountain. Think and tell your new story.
(學生4人討論創(chuàng)意解決方案,分享新故事)
S1:The city of Hamelin is full of mice. People are very sad. A man comes to help, but he wants a bag of gold. People say:“No problem.” The piper plays amazing music, all the mice walk away from the city, but people of Hamelin don't give the gold. So the piper plays amazing music again. All the mice go back to the city.
S2:(此處省去其它情節(jié))The piper plays beautiful music, all the gold walk behind him.
(個別分享后,全體學生思考書寫新的解決方案和新結(jié)局)
【設計意圖】為了培養(yǎng)孩子的批判性思維,本環(huán)節(jié)提供了開放空間,讓他們能夠從多個角度去看待故事中的人物,進行個性評價。當一個孩子提出自己并不喜歡魔笛手的報復,教師抓住這一契機,追問有更好的主意嗎?并讓他們以故事山為依托,改編關(guān)鍵情節(jié),創(chuàng)意講述新故事。這一問題點燃了孩子們的思維火花,他們豐富的想象力和創(chuàng)造力讓人驚嘆。
★Step 3 批判看待人物,學習踐行誠信
T:The people of Hamelin are not honest. Why not?Are they bad?
(教師讓學生通過音頻和視頻材料體會該城市居民鼠患橫行時的煩惱)
音頻文本:“Oh, no! My kitchen is full of mice. Help!!!”“Yuk! My garden is full of mice. I can’t play. Go away!!!” “Oh, my god! My bedroom is full of mice. They hurt my baby, help!!! Dear piper, can you help us?Really?A bag of gold?Sure!”
T:But later, the people of Hamelin don't want to give the gold. Why not?
(學生猜測可能原因)
S1:A bag of gold is a lot of money. It's too much money.
S2:They don't have a bag of gold.
(PPT出示與誠信品質(zhì)有關(guān)的行為,學生辨別選擇,最后形成具體行為建議:We shouldn't make promises carelessly. We should keep our words seriously. We should do what we said even it's hard)
【設計意圖】標簽式的說教并不能真正打動學生,口號式的呼喊也只能流于形式。因此,教師通過具體情境中的人物行為和心理分析幫助學生更深刻地理解人物,之后從人物的行為表現(xiàn)中歸納出較具體的行為建議,讓誠信這一核心素養(yǎng)落地。
?教學反思
學科核心素養(yǎng)是學科育人價值的集中體現(xiàn),是學生通過學科學習逐步形成的正確價值觀念、必備品格和關(guān)鍵能力。核心素養(yǎng)的培養(yǎng)應融入教學過程,語言能力、思維品質(zhì)、學習能力和文化意識的培養(yǎng)應自然交織,相輔相成。
精確定位教學目標是有效落實核心素養(yǎng)的前提。誠信是高度抽象凝練的概念,教學中不能只是泛泛而談。本課將誠信這一概念細化為不輕易許諾,堅守諾言。而對于思維品質(zhì)的培養(yǎng),本課目標具體化為通過人物多元評價培養(yǎng)批判性思維,通過改編故事發(fā)展創(chuàng)新思維。核心素養(yǎng)的培養(yǎng)應依托于學習活動清晰展開。核心素養(yǎng)培養(yǎng)的主角是學生,教師應將視線轉(zhuǎn)移到學生身上,以清晰的學習活動設計落實具體的教學目標。本課通過讓學生提問預測故事、閱讀完成故事山、評價人物、創(chuàng)編表演等學習活動,將核心素養(yǎng)落到實處。
教師在進行教學時,不應該為了追求教學環(huán)節(jié)的順暢而一味地告知學生答案,也不應該讓學生機械記憶故事情節(jié),而要給他們充分的時間,讓學生經(jīng)歷推理、猜測、分析、應用、創(chuàng)造等真正的學習思考過程,才能真正培養(yǎng)學生的核心素養(yǎng)。
(作者單位系浙江省溫州市籀園小學)
《中國教師報》2019年06月26日第5版
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